Abstract Present Or Past Tense

Abstract elements the verb tenses in an abstract correspond to the tenses used in the report. Smith 2002 found that along the same lines when presenting your own procedures and results use the past tense such as the participants completed the test present perfect tense. 192 shows examples of the elements and their verb tenses.
abstract present or past tense

A large number of samples were tested for fracturing.

Abstract present or past tense. Therefore apa style requires the use of past tense when relating research that occurred at a specific time in the past. The apa publication manual provides suggestions on which verb tense is appropriate for various sections of a thesis major project or journal article. These results suggest that feeds higher in nutritional value contribute to greater weight gain in livestock use past tense to indicate what you found weight increased but use present tense to suggest what the result implies. Simple past tense active or passive we carried out a series of field tests.

B background information present tense. Use past tense when stating results or observations. Past tense is by far the most common tense whether youre writing a fictional novel or a nonfiction newspaper article. 65 66 or present perfect tense eg researchers have shown for the literature review p.

In the case of the abstract you may have been taught to use the present tense because your professors want you to focus on sharing your interpretations in your abstract rather than simply stating what the results are. If you cant decide which tense you should use in your novel you should probably write it in past tense. Mice in group b developed you would use the past tense. Both past tense and present tense are fine.

Past tense eg smith showed american psychological association 2010 p. There are many reasons past tense is the standard for novels. The authors use the past tense to describe previous research. Use past tense when writing about prior research.

The study focused on 2 main areas. The framework for life cycle analysis has been developed. Weight increased as the nutritional value of feed increased. You can keep in mind the general rules regarding tense usage while you write your abstract.

That abstract also uses the present tense to describe the methods the findings the arguments and the implications of the findings from their new research study. If the subject of your sentence is an actual result or observation eg. Use present tense while stating general facts. While writing your abstract you can use several tenses depending on the subject of your sentence.

Figure 2 weissberg and buker 1990 p. Simple past tense present perfect tense.